Sains Malaysiana 53(8)(2024): 1777-1785

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5308-05

Larut-Lesap Biologi Kaolin menggunakan Siderofor daripada Bacillus aryabhattai dan Bacillus megaterium

(Bioleaching of Kaolin with Siderophores from Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus megaterium)

HUSNA ALYA MOHD RANI¹, ADNAN AZMI¹, MUHAMMAD AHMAD ZAN¹, MONISHA RAJAMOHAN², KUAN SENG HOW^2,3 & SYLVIA CHIENG^1,*

¹Jabatan Sains Biologi dan Bioteknologi, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

²Jabatan Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Bahan, Fakulti Kejuruteraan dan Sains Lee Kong Chian, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampus Sg Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

³Pusat Penyelidikan Bahan Termaju dan Mampan, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampus Sg Long, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

Received: 30 April 2024/Accepted: 26 June 2024

Abstrak

Kehadiran cemaran besi di dalam kaolin secara signifikannya mengurangkan nilai komersialnya, kerana besi memberi kesan negatif terhadap indeks keputihan dan sifat refaktori kaolin tersebut. Walaupun kaedah penulenan kaolin secara fizikal dan kimia adalah berkesan, tetapi kaedah ini mempunyai beberapa kelemahan seperti kos yang tinggi dan pencemaran alam sekitar. Oleh itu, penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk mencadangkan kaedah baharu yang mesra alam serta boleh diaplikasi dalam skala yang lebih besar dalam industri bagi penulenan kaolin. Dalam kajian ini, siderofor Bacillus aryabhattai dan Bacillus megateriumyang ditulenkan secara separa digunakan untuk proses larut-lesap kaolin. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa kedua-dua siderofor mampu mengeluarkan cemaran besi daripada sampel tanah liat kaolin. Melalui analisis spektroskopi sinar-X serakan tenaga (EDX), peratus berat besi di dalam kaolin telah menunjukkan penurunan sebanyak 48.2% bagi siderofor B. aryabhattai dan 50.6% bagi siderofor B. megaterium. Selain itu, analisis mikroskop elektron pengimbas (SEM) pula menunjukkan struktur lapisan kaolin kelihatan masih terpelihara dan menyamai morfologi kaolin mentah. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan keberkesanan proses larut-lesap menggunakan siderofor B. aryabhattai dan B. megaterium dalam mengurangkan cemaran besi daripada kaolin.

Kata kunci: Bacillus aryabhattai; Bacillus megaterium; kaolin; larut-lesap; siderofor

Abstract

The presence of iron impurities in kaolin significantly diminishes its commercial value, owing to the adverse effects of iron on both the whiteness index and refractory properties of the kaolin. While physical and chemical methods for kaolin purification are known to be effective, they come with notable drawbacks such as high costs and environmental pollution. Consequently, this study was undertaken to propose a novel, environmentally sustainable method capable of large-scale implementation in the industry for refinement of kaolin. In this study, partially purified siderophores from Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus megaterium were used in the bioleaching process of kaolin. Results showed that both siderophores were able to remove iron impurities from the kaolin clay samples. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX) analysis showed a reduction in the weight percentage of iron in the kaolin by 48.2% for B. aryabhattai siderophore and 50.6% for B. megaterium siderophore. Additionally, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed the preservation of the layered structure of kaolin, resembling the morphology of raw kaolin. These findings underscore the efficacy of bioleaching utilizing siderophores from B. aryabhattai and B. megaterium in effectively reducing iron impurities from kaolin.

Keywords: Bacillus aryabhattai; Bacillus megaterium; bioleaching; kaolin; siderophore

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*Corresponding author; email: sylvia@ukm.edu.my